Development, validity and reliability of a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards whole grain among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

This study aimed to develop and validate whole grain KAP questionnaire among children. A guided self-administered questionnaire was developed. In this cross sectional study, a total of 207 children aged 9 to 11 years in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were recruited. Knowledge domain was considered as optimal level of difficulty and able to discriminate performance of good and poor children. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis with principle components method and varimax rotation. Four factor-solutions emerged for attitude domain whereas 3 factor-solutions were constructed for practice domain. Internal consistency was acceptable for knowledge (KR20=0.70), attitude (CA=0.72) and practice (CA=0.73). Test-retest reliability intra-class correlation coefficients for knowledge, attitude and practice domains were 0.80, 0.78 and 0.79 (p<0.001), respectively. This is a feasible questionnaire which can be a useful tool for measuring whole grain KAP and assessment tool to evaluate the effectiveness of whole grain intervention among children in Malaysia.